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Field Horsetail,
Equisetum arvense
Node sheaths slightly flaring, teeth 6-12, brown-tipped, per Field Guide to the Ferns and Other Pteridophytes of Georgia (Snyder & Bruce, 1986).
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Longleaf Pine,
Pinus palustris
Fascicle sheaths 1/2-1" long, per Native Trees of the Southeast, An Identification Guide (Kirkman, Brown, & Leopold, 2007).
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Common Cattail,
Typha latifolia
Leaves linear, erect, thick, sheathing the base of the stem, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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American Bur-reed,
Sparganium americanum
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, sheathing at base, per Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 1st ed. (Porcher & Rayner, 2001).
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Giant Timber Bamboo,
Phyllostachys bambusoides
Leaf sheaths with 2 tufts of bristles on auricles, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
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Makinoi Bamboo,
Phyllostachys makinoi
Culms 10-20m tall, 3-8cm in diameter. Culm sheaths with variably sized spots, per Flora of China.
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Giant Reed,
Arundo donax
Sheaths overlapping; basal clasping blade flange conspicuous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Slender Woodoats,
Chasmanthium laxum
Similar to C. sessiliflorum except sheaths hairless, blades 3-6mm wide, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Slender Woodoats,
Chasmanthium laxum
Collar (junction of leaf & sheath) glabrous or nearly so, leaves 3-7mm wide, per Weakley's Flora.
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Sea Oats,
Uniola paniculata
Leaf surfaces & margins glabrous, sheaths glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Purple Lovegrass,
Eragrostis spectabilis
Leaves pilose on both surfaces and on sheaths, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Orchard Grass,
Dactylis glomerata
Sheaths hairless, the edges fused for at least half the sheath length, per www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
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Downy Brome,
Bromus tectorum
The leaf sheaths and blades are covered with soft short hairs, per www.invasive.org.
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Poverty Brome,
Bromus sterilis
Leaf sheath pubescent; blade soft, 5-20cm x 4-10mm, pubescent; ligule 2-4mm, per Flora of China.
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Hairy Woodland Brome,
Bromus pubescens
Summit of sheath opposite the ligule lacking a conspicuous tuft of hairs, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Satin Brome,
Bromus nottowayanus
Summit of sheath opposite the ligule with a conspicuous tuft of hairs, per Weakley's Flora (2018).
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Rescue Grass,
Bromus catharticus var. catharticus
Lf sheath pubescent; blade 30-40cm x 4-6mm, scattered pubescent; ligule ~2mm, per Flora of China.
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Cheat,
Bromus secalinus
Leaf sheath usually glabrous; blade 5-15cm x 3-6mm, pubescent; ligule 1-2mm, per Flora of China.
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Hairy Chess,
Bromus commutatus
Sheaths retrorsely pilose; blades more or less pubescent, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Two-flower Melicgrass,
Melica mutica
Sheaths scabrous or somewhat pubescent; blades flat, 2-5mm wide, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Rat-tail Fescue,
Festuca myuros
Culms 10-70cm tall. Leaves to 15cm x 0.5-1.2mm; blades and sheaths glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Cereal Rye,
Secale cereale
Leaves caulinge, blades to 20cm long; sheaths glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Silky Oatgrass,
Danthonia sericea
Leaves 5-20cm long, 2-4mm wide, lower surface & sheath w long white hairs, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Poverty Oatgrass,
Danthonia spicata
Sheaths glabrous or nearly so, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Domestic Oats,
Avena sativa
Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces; sheaths glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Cogongrass,
Imperata cylindrica
Hairs on sheath.
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Slender Muhly,
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora
Ligule obsolete or shorter than the elongate cartilaginous summit of the leaf sheath, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Nuttall's Reedgrass,
Greeneochloa coarctata
Sheaths and blades scabrous, rarely sparsely hirsute, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
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Bermuda Grass,
Cynodon dactylon
Old bladeless sheaths of the stolon often forming conspicuous "dog's teeth", per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Eastern Skeletongrass,
Gymnopogon ambiguus
Leaves numerous, approximate with overlapping sheaths, blades spreading, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Saltmarsh Cordgrass,
Spartina alterniflora
Leaves cauline; sheaths overlapping; blades usually < 12mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Rice Cutgrass,
Leersia oryzoides
Leaf margins & sheaths armed with minute spines which can scratch severely, per How to Know the Grasses: Pictured Key Nature Series (Pohl, 1954).
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Rice Cutgrass,
Leersia oryzoides
Sheaths and blades strongly retrorsely scabrous, blades mostly 8-10mm wide, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Rice Cutgrass,
Leersia oryzoides
Axillary panicles partly included in the sheaths, spikelets cleistogamous, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Pinebarrens Peanut-grass,
Amphicarpum amphicarpon
Leaf blades hirsute on both surfaces, margins ciliate; sheaths hirsute, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Dune Sandbur,
Cenchrus tribuloides
Leaf sheaths inflated, the blades usually folded, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Wavyleaf Basketgrass,
Oplismenus undulatifolius
Leaf sheaths and culm axis are pilose with hairs 3-5mm long, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Rough Barnyard-grass,
Echinochloa muricata var. muricata
Sheaths glabrous, blades elongate, 5-15mm wide, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Dallis-grass,
Paspalum dilatatum ssp. dilatatum
Sheaths sparsely hairy near base of plant and hairless above, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Vasey Grass,
Paspalum urvillei
Lowest sheaths often densely hairy and turning brown to purple later, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Old-witch Panicgrass,
Panicum capillare
Blades 10-25cm long, 5-15mm wide, hispid on both surfaces; sheaths hispid, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Open-flower Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium laxiflorum
Early panicles 4-9cm long, later panicles partly hidden in leaf sheaths, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Open-flower Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium laxiflorum
Sheaths conspicuously retrorsely long-pilose; nodes bearded, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Woolly Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium acuminatum var. acuminatum
Internodes & sheaths gray-villous with usually non-papillate hairs, per Weakley's Flora.
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a Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium acuminatum complex?
Hairs on lower stems and sheaths straight and ± stiff (ie, pilose).
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a Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium acuminatum complex?
Leaf sheaths green, longitudinally veined, heavily covered with long white hairs.
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White-haired Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium villosissimum var. villosissimum
Internode and sheath hairs spreading to restrorse, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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White-haired Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium villosissimum var. villosissimum
Leaf sheaths longitudinally veined, covered with both long and short hairs, per www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
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Small-fruited Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium microcarpon
Internodes and sheaths glabrous; usually all nodes densely bearded, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Small-fruited Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium microcarpon
Nodes conspicuously bearded with retrorse hairs. Sheaths ciliate along the margins, per Flora of North America.
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Round-fruited Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon
Sheaths glabrous, margins papilose-ciliate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Velvet Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium scoparium
A viscid band below the retrorsely bearded nodes; internodes, sheaths, blades velvety-pubescent, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Vernal inflorescences visible; autumnal ones hidden within the leaf sheaths, per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Leaf sheaths often overlapping (thus, parts of the stem are not visible), per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Leaf sheaths (at least the lower ones) papillose-hispid with spreading hairs, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Seed from reduced panicles of summer-fall cleistogamous flowers in leaf sheath
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Sheaths papillose-hirsute to almost glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Bosc's Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium boscii
Var. molle difers in its velvety blades and downy-villous culms and sheaths, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Itch-grass,
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Sheaths papillose-hispid [having stiff hairs on swollen nipple-like bases], per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Bent-awn Plumegrass,
Erianthus contortus
Sheaths sparsely pilose at summit or glabrous, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).