Spermatophytes (seed plants): Angiosperms (flowering plants): Eudicots: Core Eudicots: Rosids: Fabids: Malpighiales
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/14/23):
Viola rafinesquei
FAMILY
Violaceae
Go to FSUS key
Dig deeper at SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria.
For the most current and comprehensive body of information regarding violets in our region, visit the new website Violets (Violaceae) of the Great Plains and Eastern North America.
Vola are among the few flowers that actually taste good, according to The Culinary Violet
Read more about Viola at Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
SYNONYMOUS WITH
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Viola bicolor
FAMILY
Violaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH Viola (Ballard [in prep])
Viola rafinesquei
SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 6 (2015)
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH Violaceae of the Southeastern US (McKinney & Russell, 2002)
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH (UNACCEPTABLE ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIANT) VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 130-02-028:
Viola rafinesquii FAMILY Violaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH Gray's Manual of Botany (Fernald, 1950)
Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii
SYNONYMOUS WITH (UNACCEPTABLE ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIANT) Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Viola rafinesquii
COMMON NAME:
Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.
)
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913 pnd_vira5_001_lvd
)
Keith Bradley kab_viola_bicolor_0801
February Lexington County SC
Riverbanks Botanical Garden
)
Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_viola_bicolor_2_s
February
)
Herbarium of Clemson University h_cu80646
March Anderson County SC
Clemson Forest
)
Herbarium of Clemson University h_cu80646b
March Anderson County SC
Clemson Forest
Leaves rounded with long petioles (1-3cm); stipules large, cleft and lobed, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
)
JK Marlow jkm090318_008
March Greenville County SC
)
JK Marlow jkm100330_022
March Greenville County SC
)
JK Marlow jkm110319_063
March Pickens County SC
Hagood Mill
Sepals 3-6mm long, abruptly acute, shorter than the petals, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
)
Keith Bradley kab_viola_bicolor_4328
March Polk County NC
)
Roxanna Martin rlm31911_112
March Spartanburg County SC
Flowers lavender to white with purple veins and a yellow center, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
)
Roxanna Martin rlm31911_114
March Spartanburg County SC
)
JK Marlow s100330_a
March Greenville County SC
)
JK Marlow s100330_b
March Greenville County SC
)
Herbarium of Clemson University h_cu32714
April Prince George's County MD
)
JK Marlow jkm080405_014
April Greenville County SC
Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area
Leaves with very large, leafy, lobed stipules at their base, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
)
JK Marlow jkm080405_021
April Greenville County SC
Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area
)
JK Marlow jkm230418_2566
April Pickens County SC
Glassy Mountain Heritage Preserve
Auricles prominent, entire or erose, not elongating in fruit, per A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern US and adjacent Canada (Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino, 2023).
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/14/23):
Viola rafinesquei
FAMILY
Violaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Viola bicolor
FAMILY
Violaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Viola (Ballard [in prep])
Viola rafinesquei
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 6
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Violaceae of the Southeastern US (McKinney & Russell, 2002)
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)
Viola bicolor
SYNONYMOUS WITH (UNACCEPTABLE ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIANT)
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 130-02-028:
Viola rafinesquii
FAMILY
Violaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Gray's Manual of Botany (Fernald, 1950)
Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii
SYNONYMOUS WITH (UNACCEPTABLE ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIANT)
Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Viola rafinesquii
1656
Forb
Winter annual
Habitat: Pastures, roadsides, lawns, other disturbed habitats, less commonly in dry rocky woodlands and barrens, per Weakley's Flora
Native to the Carolinas & Georgia
Common (uncommon in GA Coastal Plain)
CLICK HERE to see a map, notes, and images from Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern US.
LEAVES:
Simple
Plant caulescent (with an obvious, leafy, above-ground stem). Leaves alternate
Margins entire or crenate-serrate
Stipules foliaceous, lobed
Leaves glabrous or with some short stiff trichomes
FLOWER:
Spring
Pale blue-violet with a cream center
(or white with blue veins)
Bilaterally symmetrical
Lateral petals bearded
5 sepals
5 petals
5 stamens
FRUIT:
Spring
Capsule
TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!
- Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005) p198
- Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 1st ed. (Porcher & Rayner, 2001) p373
- Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 2nd ed. (McMillan, Porcher, Rayner, & White; 2022) p531
- Wildflowers of the Atlantic Southeast (Cotterman, Waitt, & Weakley, 2019) p403
- Wildflowers of the Carolina Lowcountry (Porcher, 1995) p196
- Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999) p051
- Wild Flowers of NC, 2nd edition (Justice, Bell, & Lindsey, 2005) p158
- Field Guide to the Wildflowers of Georgia (Chafin, 2016) p347
- Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005) p078
- Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005) p101
- Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998) p101
- Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011) p341
- Weeds of Southern Turfgrasses (Murphy et al., 1992) p198
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