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Crested Greenhead Sedge,
Cyperus metzii
3-4 leaflike involucral bracts, horizontal to slightly reflexed, flat, 1-6cm, per Flora of North America.
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Tawny Cottongrass,
Eriophorum virginicum
Involucral bracts usually 3, similar to leaf blades, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Rose-of-Sharon,
Hibiscus syriacus
5 triangular calyx lobes and 7-10 linear involucral bracts, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Swamp Rosemallow,
Hibiscus moscheutos
Calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate, densely canescent. Involucral bracts linear, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Queen Anne's Lace,
Daucus carota ssp. carota
Involucral bracts scarious-margined [margin somewhat translucent, not green], per Weakley's Flora.
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Queen Anne's Lace,
Daucus carota ssp. carota
Involucral bracts pinnately divided into linear to filiform segments, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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American Queen Anne's Lace,
Daucus pusillus
Involucral bracts not scarious-margined, involucre extending beyond the compound umbel in flower, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Lion's-foot Rattlesnake-root,
Nabalus serpentaria
Principal (inner) involucral bracts much longer than smaller (outer) ones, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Hairy Cat's-ear,
Hypochaeris radicata
Involucral bracts imbricate, in several series, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Mountain Dwarf-dandelion,
Krigia montana
In Krigia, the involucral bracts are in 1 series, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Virginia Dwarf-dandelion,
Krigia virginica
Krigia's involucral bracts are in a single series (vs. 2 in Taraxacum), per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Common Dandelion,
Taraxacum officinale
Outer involucral bracts are reflexed and about as long as inner bracts, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).
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Roundleaf Ragwort,
Packera obovata
Involucral bracts purple-tipped, 0.2" [5mm] long, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Bachelor's Buttons,
Cyanus segetum
The involucral bracts have a narrow, dark, fringed margin, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Spotted Knapweed,
Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos
Outer involucral bracts w pectinate (comb-like), scarious, blackish apices, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Tyrol Knapweed,
Centaurea nigrescens
Involucral bracts with a triangular blackish tip, with a fringe, per Wildflowers in the Field and Forest: Northeastern US (Clemants & Gracie, 2006).
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Bull Thistle,
Cirsium vulgare
Involucral bracts narrowly pointed, rigid, not sticky, per Wildflowers in the Field and Forest: Northeastern US (Clemants & Gracie, 2006).
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Nodding Thistle,
Carduus nutans
A nodding head with broad, purplish reflexed involucral bracts, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Plumeless Thistle,
Carduus acanthoides ssp. acanthoides
Involucres arachnose. Outer involucral bracts erect, inner bracts soft, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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New York Ironweed,
Vernonia noveboracensis
It has long, pointed involucral bracts, per All About South Carolina Wildflowers (Midgley, 1999).
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Common Elegant Blazing-star,
Liatris elegans var. elegans
Flowers whitish (1-3 per head), within showy, twisting, involucral bracts, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Scaly Blazing-star,
Liatris squarrosa var. squarrosa
Involucral bracts leaf-like, reflexed, lanceolate, with acuminate tips, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Savanna Eupatorium,
Eupatorium leucolepis
"leucolepis" = white-scaled, referring to white-haired involucral bracts, per New York Natural Heritage Program.
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Tall Thoroughwort,
Eupatorium altissimum
Disc flwrs white to cream-colored. Involucral bracts rounded, overlapping, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Mistflower,
Conoclinium coelestinum
(Pollinator at work) Involucral bracts awl-shaped, purple-tipped, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Climbing Hempweed,
Mikania scandens
Each head has 4 acuminate, nearly smooth, involucral bracts, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Trampweed,
Facelis retusa
Inner involucral bracts w 2 convergent purplish spots below the hyaline apex, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Plantainleaf Pussytoes,
Antennaria plantaginifolia
Female plants have white-tipped involucral bracts with a purplish base, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Robin's Plantain,
Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus
Involucral bracts densely pubescent, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Narrowleaf Whitetop Aster,
Sericocarpus linifolius
Involucral bracts whitish with green tips, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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White Arrowleaf Aster,
Symphyotrichum urophyllum
Involucral bracts with green band along midrib for nearly their entire length, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Creeping Aster,
Eurybia surculosa
The involucral bracts are spreading but [unlike Symphyotrichum retroflexum] not recurved, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Curtis's Aster,
Symphyotrichum retroflexum
Readily recognized by the green, leafy, strongly recurved, involucral bracts, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Climbing Aster,
Ampelaster carolinianus
Involucral bracts whitish, green with dark green foliaceous apices, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Frost Aster,
Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum
Involucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, the apex acicular [needle-like], per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Woolly Goldenaster,
Chrysopsis gossypina
More or less densely woolly hairy, except sometime not on involucral bracts, per Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 1st ed. (Porcher & Rayner, 2001).
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Bearsfoot,
Smallanthus uvedalia
Involucral bracts ovate to elliptic, obtuse to acutish, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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White-flowered Leafcup,
Polymnia canadensis
Peduncles villous to stipitate-glandular. Involucral bracts acute to acuminate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Virginia Cup-plant,
Silphium connatum
Involucral bracts of the genus Silphium are wide and usually squarrose, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Starry Rosinweed,
Silphium dentatum
Involucral bracts of the genus Silphium are wide and usually squarrose, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Starry Rosinweed,
Silphium asteriscus var. asteriscus
Involucral bracts in the genus Silphium are wide and usually squarrose, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Greenheaded Coneflower,
Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata
Involucral bracts lanceolate to oblanceolate, essentially glabrous, acute, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Blue Ridge Cutleaf Coneflower,
Rudbeckia laciniata var. humilis
Involucral bracts lanceolate to oblanceolate, essentially glabrous, acute, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Common Three-lobed Coneflower,
Rudbeckia triloba var. triloba
Involucral bracts linear, 5-12mm long, spreading to reflexed, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Woodland Black-eyed Susan,
Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta
Involucral bracts linear to lanceolate, acute, spreading pubescent, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Smooth Coneflower,
Echinacea laevigata
Involucral bracts obscurely in 2 series, acute to acuminate, reflexed, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Narrowleaf Sunflower,
Helianthus angustifolius
Involucral bracts in several series, lanceolate to linear, acuminate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Downy Sunflower,
Helianthus mollis
Involucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, the tips often reflexed, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Woodland Sunflower,
Helianthus divaricatus
Involucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Lanceleaf Coreopsis,
Coreopsis lanceolata
Outer involucral bracts green, lanceolate; inner elliptic to lanceolate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Large-flowered Coreopsis,
Coreopsis grandiflora var. grandiflora
Outer involucral bracts green, lanceolate; inner eliptic to lanceolate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Common Hairy Coreopsis,
Coreopsis pubescens var. pubescens
Calyculi [outer involucral bracts] of lanceolate to lance-linear bractlets, per Flora of North America.
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Whorled Coreopsis,
Coreopsis major var. major
Outer involucral bracts oblong or oblanceolate, 2-10mm; inner lanceolate 5-8mm, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Whorled Coreopsis,
Coreopsis major var. rigida
Outer involucral bracts oblong or oblanceolate, 2-10mm; inner lanceolate 5-8mm, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Tall Coreopsis,
Coreopsis tripteris
The inner involucral bracts not yet open, flower heads sealed up like pillboxes.
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Tall Coreopsis,
Coreopsis tripteris
Outer involucral bracts linear, 3-6mm long: inner lanceolate, 4-7mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Broadleaf Coreopsis,
Coreopsis latifolia
Outer involucral bracts linear, 4-6mm long: inner lanceolate, 7-8mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Nodding Bur-marigold,
Bidens cernua
Outer involucral bracts leafy, typically surpassing the disk, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Ditch Daisy,
Bidens aristosa
Calyculus bractlets [outer involucral bracts] usually spreading to reflexed, per Flora of North America.
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Ditch Daisy,
Bidens aristosa
Outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner, fewer than B. polylepis, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).